
ÿş     !' _  _ 

       !# _   IV-V  %.



                1.` !'+ !#+  #.



     >-?@56=5AB>8B 87 4-E >?>@=KE B>G5:: 2>A:@5A5=LO,  AC1-

1>BK 8 2-E ?>AB=KE 4=59 (A@54K 8 ?OB=8FK). <5AB5 A B5<, 1;03>40-

@O, 2 >A=>2=><, 3>AC40@AB25==>=>40B5;LAB2C, 745AL ?@>87>H-

;8 A5@LQ7=K5 87<5=5=8O:

     b>A:@5A5=L5 2 IV 25:5, =0:>=5F, AB0;>  >D8F80;L=K<  2KE>4=K<

4=Q< 4;O 2A59 8 MB>;>68; 8=AB0=B8= 5;8-

:89, :>B>@K9 ?> A2845B5;LAB2C 2A528O 5A0@89A:>3>  "?@54=07=0G8;

4;O <>;8B2K 45=L >A?>45=L". -48:B MB>B 2KH5; 2  321  3.  :>=F5

25:0 ( 386 3.) 84>A89 5;8:89 ?>4B25@48; MB>B M48:B 8  70?-

@5B8; 2 2>A:@5A=K5 4=8 4065 ?C1;8G=K5  ?@54AB02;5=8O  8  7@5;8I0,

:0: :>IC=AB25==K5.

     >A:@5A=0O #B@5=O =0G8=0;0AL @0=LH5 >1KG=>3>, =5  ?@>AB>  4>

@0AA25B0, => B0:>9 3;C1>:>9 =>GLN, GB> 2?>;=5 <>3;0 1KBL  =0720=0

145=85<. # <>=0E>2 MB0 =>G=0O A;C610  AB0;0  =07K20BLAO  vigilia.

BAN40 - 4> A8E ?>@ ?@0:B8:C5;8:>2 838;88 8 ?@02>A;02-

=K5 A5=>I=K5.

     > B.:. ACB>G=K5 A;C61K 2 0B>;8G5A:>9 &5@:28 A59G0A  A>25@-

H0NB ?> @5280@8N (B.5. >=8 O2;ONBAO :5;59=K<  <>=0H5A:8<  ?@028-

;><), B> A>2@5<5==0O :0B>;8G5A:0O  838;8O  ?>  A2>52>B@51;5=8N  A>>B25BAB2C5B,  A:>@55,  ?@02>A;02=>G5;L=8:C.

0?@8<5@, 838;8O  >645AB20 %@8AB>20 (24  45:01@O)  -  MB>,  A>1-

AB25==>, 025G5@85  >645AB20, 25=G0NI55 4  =545;8  425=B0  (B.5.

 >645AB25=A:>3> ?>AB0).  2 @02>A;0288 8 2 0B>;8F87<5  1>3>A;C-

65=85 :064>3> 2>A:@5A=>3> 4=O 4> A8E ?>@ =0G8=05BAO 2 AC11>BC 25-

G5@>< (?>MB>A:@5A=KE 5G5@=8). > 2  @02>A-

;0288 MB0 B.=. 5;8:0O 5G5@=O ?5@5E>48B 2 #B@5=N + I G0A (IX G0A

C65 D0:B8G5A:8 >B<8@05B) 8 A>AB02;O5B A5=>I=CN (:>B>@0O 2  0B>-

;8F87<5 C65 D0:B8G5A:8 ^#&8AG5705B).

      A;>68;AO MB>B >1KG09 =0G8=0BL 2>A:@5A5=>5  1>3>A;C65=85  2

AC11>BC 25G5@>< - 2 IV 25:5.



     b!C11>B0, :>B>@0O @0=55 1K;0 2KE>4=K< 4=Q<, 2 IV 25:5 ?@>4>;-

60;0 ?>G8B0BLAO =0@02=5 A 2>A:@5A5=L5<. 065 "?>AB>;LA:85 ?>AB0-

=>2;5=8O" 5IQ =5 45;0NB >A>1>9 @07=8FK <564C MB8<8 42CBC, :0: 8 2 2>A:@5A5=L5, A;C68;8 8BC@38N. !C11>B0 1K;0,  ?>

ACI5AB2C, =025G5@85< 2>A:@5A5=LO.  MB>B 45=L E@8AB80=5  @01>B0;8

(2 ?@>B82>25A 8C45O<), => 2A?><8=0;8 A>H5AB285 %@8AB0 2> 04.

     >-2848<>BAN40 8 2>7=8: >1KG09 ?>AB0 2  AC11>BC,  :>B>-

@K9 C45@60;AO C 70?04=KE E@8AB80=, :0: D>@<0 G5AB2>20=8O ?>3@515-

=8O %@8AB0. ?@>G5<, ?@?. >0==-0AA80= C:07K205B 8 4@C3CN ?@8G8-

=C: "> <=5=8N 70?04=KE,[5;8:>3>] ?>AB0 2 AC11>BC =5 4>;6=> @07-

@5H0BL (B.5. >B<5=OBL), ?>B> 0?>AB>; 5B@ 2 AC11>BC,  3>B>-

2OAL 2ABC?8BL 2 1>@L1C A 2>;E2>< !8<>=><, ?>AB8;AO 2  A59  45=L".

("#AB02", :=. III, 3;. 10).

     -B>B A?>@ 87-70 "?>AB0 2 AC11>BC" 1K; 3>@074>  1>;55  25A:8<

?>2>4>< : @07@K2C F5@:>2=KE >B=>H5=89 <564C >AB>:>< 8 0?04>< (2

 1054 3.), G5< ?@5A;>2CB>5 filiogue (:>B>@>5 <0;> :>3> 2>;=>20;>).

 4> A8E ?>@ 40-:0 4=52=K9 5;8:89 ?>ABC :0B>;8:>2  8  ?@02>A;02-

=KE 8AG8A;O5BAO ?> @07=>A;02=K5 =0G8=0NB 53>  2  "G8ABK9

?>=545;L=8:" 70 54 :0;5=40@=KE 4=O 4> 0AE8 (<8=CA  14  AC11>B  8

2>A:@5A5=89 = 40 4=59 ?>AB0). 0B>;8:8 - 2 "?5?5;L=CN  A@54C"  70

46 :0;5=40@=KE 4=59 4> 0AE8 (<8=CA 6 2>A:@5A5=89 = B5 65 40 4=59

?>AB0). > ?>A:>;L:C ?@02>A;02=K5 402=>  701K;8,  GB>  =5  B>;L:>

2>A:@5A5=LO, => 8 AC11>BK 2 ?>AB =5 2E>4OB, B> D0:B8G5A:8 ?>ABOB-

AO 4>;LH5.



     b!@540 8 b?OB=8F0 2 IV-V 22. ?>-?@56=54=>4=52-

=KE ?>AB>2.  A@54C 2A?><8=0;AO AC4 =04 8ACA>< %@8AB><, 0 2 ?OB-

=8FC - @0A?OB85. 4=>4=52=K9 ?>AB 2 BC M?>EC >7=0G0; ?>;=>5  2>7-

45@60=85 >B ?8I8 4> IX G0A0 (B.5. 4> 15-00, :>340 :>=G0;AO 1>3>A-

;C651=K9 45=L). A:;NG5=85 A>AB02;O;8 ?@074=8:8  OB845AOB=8FK  8

>3>O2;5=8O "5A;8 ?@84CBAO =0 A@54C  8  ?OB=8FC"(A2B.  ?8D0=89

8?@A:89).

      =5:>B>@KE >AB>G=KE &5@:20E (>A>15==>  2  ;5:A0=4@89A:>9)

MB8 ?>AB=K5 4=8 GB8;8AL 8BC@3859, => 157 A>25@H5=8O  2E0@8AB88.

, 2>7<>6=>, 8<5==> 745AL =04> 8A:0BL :>@=8 ?>A;54CNI59  8BC@388

@5645>A2OI5==KE 0@>2 (:>B>@CN ?0?0 @83>@89 5;. 70820; =0

>AB>:5).

     54L, A>1AB25==>, ?>G525@H0;8 2E0@8A-

B8N 2 ?>AB=K5 4=8? ">;L:> ?>B>G5284=>, GB> >=0 5IQ  A>548=O-

;0AL A 030?>9.  2:CH0BL 030?C (8 2>>1I5 2:CH0BL 4>  IX  G0A0)  2

?>AB=K5 4=8 1K;> =54>?CAB8<>!



     5@>OB=>, MBC ?@>1;5A><  8BC@-

388 =0 25G5@. !;54K MB>3> >AB0;8AL.  5A;8   ?>G8-

B05< A2>9 CAB02 (:>B>@K9 =5G=>, =5 2K?>;=O5<), B>  C2848<,

GB> 2 =5:>B>@K5 >A>1> 206=K5 ?>AB=K5 4=8 (0 8<5==>:  2  =025G5@85

 >645AB20 %@8AB>20, >3>O2;5=8O, 5;8:>3> '5B25@30 8 5;8:>9 !C1-

1>BK) 8BC@38O ?@5420@O5BAO 5G5@=59 8 B.>. 4>;6=0 A;C68BLAO ?>A-

;5 12-B8 G0A>2 4=O. ">340 ?@8G0I5=85 ?@84QBAO :0: @07 =0 IX G0A!



            2.` +   #:  !".



     AO >?8A0==0O ?@>1;5<0B8:0 1K;0 >A>15==>  0:BC0;L=>9  2  ?5-

@8>4 5;8:>3> ?>AB0, :>B>@K9 2 IV 25:5, =0:>=5F, AB0=>28BAO '5BK-

@545AOB=8F59 2 A>1AB25==>< AAB8305B  40-:04=59.

>340 8 345 MB> ?@>87>H;>?

     AB>@8: V 25:0 !>:@0B 3>2>@8B >1  5IQ  25AL<0  @07=>>1@07=>9

?@0:B8:5: ">AB ?5@54 0AE>9 2 @07=KE <5AB0E A>1;N405BAO  @07;8G-

=>.   8<5 ?5@54 0AE>9 ?>ABOBAO =5?@5@K2=> 3 =545;8 (@><5  AC1-

1>BK 8 4=O >A?>4=O).  ;;8@88, 2>  2A59  @5F88  8  ;5:A0=4@88

45@60B ?>AB 6 =545;L 4> 0AE8 8  =07K20NB  53>  '5BK@545AOB=8F59.

@C385 65 ?>ABOBAO 70 7 =545;L 4> ?@074=8:0..." ("&5@:. 8AB>@8O",

:=. V, 22).

     ".>. 40-:0 4=52=K9 5;8:89 ?>AB @>48;AO  =5  A@07C  8  <>6=>

4C<0BL, GB> @5H0NI59 745AL 1K;0 8=8F80B820 A2B. D0=0A8O  5;8:>-

3>.  A2>Q< I "0AE0;L=>< ?>A;0=88" ( 329 3.) >= 5IQ  ?@8C@>G8205B

=0G0;> 5;8:>3> ?>AB0 : ?>=545;L=8:C !B@0AB=>9 A54<8FK, 0 2 IV  8

V ">A;0=8OE" ( 332-333 33.) C65 3>2>@8B  >  '5BK@545AOB=8F5.  >B

>= - =03;O4=K9 ?5@5E>4 : A>2@5<5==>9 ?@0:B8:5! 0 0?045 65  ?5@-

2>5 A2845B5;LAB2> > 40-:0 4=52=>< ?>AB5 =0E>48< C 25@=>3>  CG5=8-

:0 D0=0A8O - A2B. <2@>A8O 548>;0=A:>3> (+  397 3.).



     5@2>=0G0;L=>, 3;02=K< 2 ?>AB5 1K; =5 @>4 ?8I8, 0 G0A 2:CH5-

=8O (B.5. >B<5=O;AO 702B@0:, => >AB020;8AL >154 8 C68=). >  2  V

25:5 : >3@0=8G5=8O< 2> 2@5<5=8 4>102;ONBAO ?8I52K5 >3@0=8G5=8O. 

?>4@060=85 ?>4286=8:0< ?CABK=L ?@54?>G8B0;8AL E;51 8 >2>I8.  OA>

8 @(?) ?>AB5?5==> 2KE>48;8 87 C?>B@51;5=8O.  K10  65  4>72>;O;0AL,

B.:. ?@>:;OB85, A2O70==>5 A 3@5E>?045=85< 1K;> =0?@02;5=> =0 75<-

;N, 0 =5 =0 2>4K.  B>;><  %@8A-

B0 8 ?@8=04;568B : AB8E88, A :>B>@>9 A2O70=> :@5I5=85.   2>A:@5-

A5=L5 ?>AB ?@5@K20;AO, 0 =0 >AB>:5 - 8 2  AC11>BC,  ;8BC@38G5A:8

A2O70==CN A 2>A:@5A5=L5< (;0B>CAB 5IQ =07K205B 8E  4=O<8  >B4KE0

>B ?>AB0). > ?>AB5?5===> ?8I52K5 >3@0=8G5=8O @0A?@>AB@0=ONBAO  8

=0 MB8 4=8.



     ! G5< A2O70=K 2A5 MB8 87<5=5=8O? 5 =04> 701K20BL, GB> 5;8-

:89 ?>AB 2>7=8: 87 A>CG0AB8O 25@=KE 2 ?>I5=88 >3;0H5==KE. 3;0H5-

=85 65 4;8;>AL 2 =0G0;5 IV 25:0 4> 3-E ;5B ("?>AB>;LA:85  ?>AB0-

=>2;5=8O" VIII, 33) 8 =0 5;8:><  ?>ABC  B>@65AB25==>  70:0=G820-

;>AL. ABC?0NI85 2 &5@:>2L A4020;8 M:70<5= ?> 7=0=8N 20=35;8O  8

?>=8<0=8N !8<2>;0 25@K. "0: 8 A59G0A C :0B>;8:>2, 345  45B8  ?@8-

@02=5=K : >3;0H5==K<, 8  ?@>8AE>48B  :>=D8@<0F8O  8E  2  2>7@0AB5

10-13 ;5B. 0 >AB>:5 65, 345 2A5 ?>40==K5 "E@8AB80=A:>9 8<0B8G5A:8 70G8A;OBLAO 2 @07@O4 E@8AB80=, 8=AB8BCB :0B8-

EC<5=0B0 (>3;0H5=8O) 8AG57 C65 2 V 25:5.

     ".>. 5;. ?>AB CB@0B8; A2>9 ?@56=89 A5 A>C-

G0AB85 2 @>645=88 =>2KE G;5=>2 &5@:28) 8 AB0; ?>=8<0BLAO :0: 2@5-

:0O=8O. > 5A;8 @0=LH5 :0O;8AL (?5@54 :@5I5=85<) B>;L:>  >3-

;0H5==K5, B> B5?5@L 2A5 25@CNI85 AB0;8 ?>=8<0BLAO :0:  >3;0H5==K5

(GB> >BG0AB8 8 25@=>, 81> 8E C@>25=L >G5=L ?>=878;AO 2 M?>EC  3>-

AC40@AB25==>9 &5@:28). "0:>5 ?>=8<0=85 =5 <8=>20;> 8  82L, 345 2 ?5@2K9 45=L ?>AB0 ?>O28;AO ?>:0O==K9 >1@O4 "1;03>A;>-

25=8O ?5?;0" (>BAN40 B.=. "5?5;L=0O A@540").



     >A;54=OO A54<8F0 5;8:>3> ?>AB0 (?5@54 !B@0AB=>9)  7025@H0-

;0AL  070@52>9  AC11>B>9,  :>B>@CN  >1AB>OB5;L=>  >?8AK205B  C65

!8;L28O--B5@8O 2380 3.:

     ">340 =0G8=05B @0AA25B0BL, ?@8 ?5@2KE ;CG0E A25B0, 2 AC11>-

BC, A;C68B 5?8A:>? 8 A>25@H05B 8BC@38N. 5@54 A0B?CAB>< 0@-

E8480:>= 2>73;0H05B: "C45< 2A5 A53>4=O 2 A54L<>< G0AC (B.5. ?>A-

;5 12-00) C 3@>10 070@O".  B0: :0: C65 ?>GB8  A54L<>9  G0A,  B>

2A5 >B?@02;ONBAO :> 3@>1C 070@O 2 8D0=88, =0E>4OI59AO ?@81;878-

B5;L=> 2 42CE <8;OE >B 3>@>40... >340 5?8A:>?  ?@8E>48B  =0  MB>

<5AB>, 53> 2AB@5G0NB 2A5 745H=85 <>=0E8.  70B5<, 25AL =0@>4 845B

2 F5@:>2L, 345 ?>NB 38<=K 8 0=B8D>=K 8 G8B0NB B5:AB 87 20=35;8O,

>?8AK20NI89 2AB@5GC >A?>40 A A5AB@>9 070@O.

     >A;5 ?@>87=5A5=8O <>;8B2K, ?>;CG82 1;03>A;>25=85, 2A5  =0?-

@02;ONBAO : 3@>1=8F5 070@O ?@8 ?5=88 38<=>2... !>18@05BAO  B0:>5

<=>65AB2> ;N459, GB> 70?>;=5==K<8 1K20NB =5 B>;L:> <5AB> C 3@>10,

=> 8 2A5 >:@5AB=K5 ?>;O=K. >NBAO 38<=K 8 0=B8D>=K, ?>4E>4OI85 :>

4=N 8 <5ABC, 8 B0:65 G8B05BAO  A>>B25BAB2CNI89  B5:AB  !2OI5==>3>

8A0=8O." ("8AL<0 ?0;><=8FK IV 25:0", ., 1994 3. A.204-205).



                     3.` !" !"/ !,&.



     -B> 1K;8 4=8 >A>1>9 0A:57K.  ;03>G5AB82K5  25@CNI85  B>;L:>

?>4 25G5@ 2:CH0;8 E;51 A 2>4>N, 0 <>=0E8 =5 5;8 2>>1I5  4>  A0<>9

0AE8. >3>A;C65=85 MB8E 4=59 =0G8=0;>AL 2>A?><8=0=85< E>40 >A-

?>4=O 2 5@CA0;8< (=K=5H=55 5@1=>5 2>A:@5A5=L5). !8;L28O @0AA:0-

7K205B:

     "!;54CNI89  45=L,  2>A:@5A5=L5,  >B:@K205B  =0G0;>    !B@0A-

B=>9 !54L<8FK, :>B>@0O =07K205BAO 745AL 5;8:0O !54L<8F0...

     >A;5 B>3>, :0: A;C610 ?@>H;0 >1KG=K<  ?>@O4:><,  2  3;02=>9

F5@:28 ?5@54 A0B?CAB>< 0@E8480:>= 2>72KH05B 3>;>A 8 3>2>@8B:

"2 B5G5=85 2A59 MB>9 =545;8, =0G8=0O A 702B@0H=53> 4=O, 1C45< A>-

18@0BLAO 2 452OB>< G0AC (B.5. >:. 15-00) 2 0@B8@8C<5...  !53>4=O

2 A54L<>< G0AC (B.5. >:. 13-00) 1C45< =0 ;5>=5."

     ... B0:, 2 A54L<>< G0AC 5?8A:>? 8 2A5 ;N48  ?>4=8<0NBAO  =0

0A;8G=CN 3>@C, B> 5ABL =0 ;5>=, 2 F5@:>2L. "0< ?>NBAO  A>>B25B-

AB2CNI85 4=N 38<=K 8 0=B8D>=K 8 G8B0NBAO B5:ABK !2OI5==>3>  8A0-

=8O. >340 65 ?@81;878BAO 452OBK9 G0A, 2A5 A ?5=85<  38<=>2  84CB

=0 <2><>=, B.5. =0 <5AB>, A :>B>@>3> >A?>4L 2>7=5AAO =0 =51>...

     >340 ?@81;878BAO >48==04F0BK9 G0A (17-00), G8B05BAO B> <5A-

B> 2 20=35;88, 2 :>B>@>< >?8AK205BAO, :0:  >B@>:8  A  25B2O<8  8

?0;L<0<8 2AB@5G0;8 >A?>40, 2>A:;8F0O: ";03>A;>25= @O4K9 2> 8A?>4=5" (D. XXI,9).  A@07C 65 5?8A:>?, 8 A  =8<  25AL  =0@>4,

2AB05B 8 A?CA:05BAO A 25@H8=K 3>@K 0A;8G=>9.

     0@>4 845B 2?5@548 5?8A:>?0, >:0=G820O ?5=85 38<=>2 8  0=B8-

D>=>2 A;>20<8 ";03>A;>25= @O4K9 2> 8A?>4=5".  A5  ?@8ACB-

AB2CNI85 45B8, 4065 B5, :>B>@K5 5I5 =5 E>4OB,  <;045=FK,  :>B>@KE

@>48B5;8 =5ACB =0 ?;5G0E, 45@60B 25B28 - >4=8 ?0;L<>2K5,  0  4@C-

385 <0A;8G=K5 (C =0A - 25@1K). "0:8< 65 >1@07><, :0: =5:>340 >A-

?>4L 1K; A>?@>2>6405<, 2A5 A>?@>2>640NB 5?8A:>?0 >B A0<>9  25@H8-

=K 3>@K 4> A0<>3> 3>@>40, 0 70B5< G5@57 25AL 3>@>4 4> E@0<0  >A-

:@5A5=8O ?5H:><... @>F5AA8O ?@8 ?5=88 38<=>2 42865BAO >G5=L <54-

;5==>, GB>1K =0@>4 (?>ABOI89AO!) =5 CB><8;AO.    ?>MB>340

?@8E>4OB : E@0A:@5A5=8O, C65 =0ABC?05B 25G5@. >A;5  ?@8E>40

BC40, =5A<>B@O =0 ?>74=89 G0A A>25@H05BAO 25G5@=O, 8 ?>A;5 <>;8B-

2K C @5AB0 =0@>4 >B?CA:05BAO." ("0< 65, AB@. 205-207).

     !B>;L 65 ?>4@>1=> >?8AK205B !8;L28O  8  4@C385  1>3>A;C65=8O

!B@0AB=>9 A54<8FK. =0 >B<5G05B, =0?@8<5@, GB> 2 5;8:89  '5B25@3

5@CA0;82L C65 A>25@H0;0 25G5@=NN 8BC@38N (4065 425):

">A;5 B>3>, :0: ;N48 A>15@CBAO, A>25@H05BAO  2E0@8AB8O  2  MB>B

45=L 2 0@B8@8C<5 8  >B?CAB  1K205B  2  45AOB><  G0AC(B.5.  >:.

16-00)... >A;5 >B?CAB0 2 0@B8@8C<5 2A5  =0?@02;ONBAO  70  @5AB

345 ?>5BAO B>;L:> >48= 38<= 8 ?@>87=>A8BAO <>;8B20, 0 70B5< 5?8A-

:>? A>25@H05B ?@8=>H5=85 5A:@>2=>9 5@B2K, 8 2A5 ?@8G0I0NBAO. 0

8A:;NG5=85< >4=>3> MB>3> 4=O 8BC@38O 2 B5G5=85 2A53> 3>40 =8:>3-

40 =5 A;C68BAO 70 @5AB><." ("0< 65, A. 208).

     ".>. ?5@54 =0<8 >A>10O ?@074=8G=0O 8BC@38O,  A>25@H05<0O  2

?09 5G5@8. 0 0?045 B0:CN 25G5@=NN ?@074=8G=CN 8BC@-

38N AB0; A>25@H0BL 23CAB8= ;065==K9 8 MB> 1K;> CB25@645=>,  :0:

?@028;> 0@D035=A:8< !>1>@><  419 3. ?>A;54AB2888 =0 0?045  2>7-

=8: A?5F80;L=K9 ?@074=8: "@5A2OBKE "5;0 8 @>28  %@8AB0",  :>B>-

@K9 A>25@H05BAO 2 2>A?><8=0=85 > CAB0=>2;5=88 2E0@8AB88 =0  "09-

=>9 5G5@5.D* @8GQ< A>25@H0;AO >= A;54CNI8< >1@07><: ?>A;5  5AAK

5?8A:>? 2=>A8; <>=AB@0A A> !2. 0@0<8 =0 C;8FC 8 CAB0=02;820;  =0

2@5<5==>< ?@5AB>;5 ?>4 >B:@KBK<  =51><.  !>1@02H85AO  ?>:;>=O;8AL

0@0< 8 ?5;8 38<=K (2 B.G. 7=0<5=8BK9  "Te  Deum  laudamus"  A2B.

<2@>A8O 548>;0=A:>3>). 5B@C4=> C2845BL 745AL >B3>;>A>: 5@CA0-

;89 ;8B88.

     # =0A 2 @02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 2 5;8:89 '5B25@B>:  A>25@H05BAO

425 8BC@388 0A8;8O 5;8:>3> ("0: 65 :0: ?@8 !8;L288!): @0==OO 2

7-00 8 ?>74=OO - 2 10-00. @8GQ< 2<5AB> E5@C289 ?>NB:  "845-

E><  A25B  8AB8==K9...",  0  2<5AB>  @8G0AB=0  -  "5G5@8  "2>5O

B09=K5..." (">65 2 2>A?><8=0=85 > "09=>9 5G5@5!).



     A>15==> 8=B5@5A=> B>, GB> ?8H5B !8;L28O > A5=>I=>< 145=88,

:>B>@>5 ?@>4>;60;>AL A 25G5@0 '5B25@30 4> CB@0  5;8:>9  OB=8FK.

=> ?@54AB02;O;> A>1>9 A:>@1=>5 H5AB285 A> A25G0<8 ?>  2A5<  A2O-

BK< <5AB0< >B 5DA8<0=88 4> @5AB0.  =0 :064>< B0:>< <5AB5 45;0-

;0AL >AB0=>2:0, G8B0;AO A>>B25BAB2CNI89 >B@K2>:  87  20=35;8O  8

?5;8AL 38<=K (?@>G5ABL AB@. 209-210).

     ".>. =0H C<8;8B5;L=K9 G8= #B@5=8 5;. OB:0 A GB5=85< "12-B8

20=35;89 !B@0AB59 %@8AB>2KE", :>B>@K9 A>25@H05BAO  2  G5B25@3  2

7-< G0AC 25G5@0 A> A25G0<8 (!) 1C:20;L=> 2>7=8:  2  5@CA0;89

&5@:28 IV 25:0!

     !E>655 G8=>?>A;54>20=85 5ABL 8 C :0B>;8:>2. => B0: 8  =07K-

205BAO "@5AB=K9 ?CBL" 8 A>AB>8B 87 14-B8!B>O=89  ("AC645=85",

">7;>65=85 :@5AB0", "I 045=85 ?>4 :@5AB><" 8 B.4.) A  A>25@H5=-

=> 87C<8B5;L=K<8 =0@>4=K<8 38<=0<8.



     b5;. OB=8F0 1K;0 4=Q< A0<>3> AB@>3>3> ?>AB0 8 ?5G0;8 ("5=L

A:>@18, 2 :>B>@K9 ?>AB8A89). !8;L28O ?8H5B:  ">A;5

>B?CAB0 C @5AB0: 5I5 4> 2>AE>40 A>;=F0, 25AL =0@>4, ?>;=K9  @52-

D_________________________________________________________________

     @* -B>B ?@074=8: 2>7=8: 2> $@0=F88 ?@8 N4>28:5 IX !2OB><,  0

?0?0 #@10= IV ((1263-1264) @0A?@>AB@0=8; 53> =0  2AN  &5@:>2L.  =

?5@5E>4OI89 8 A>25@H05BAO 2A5340 2 G5B25@3 ?>A;5 !2. "@>8FK.

=>AB8, A@07C 65 =0?@02;O5BAO =0  !8>=,  GB>1K  ?><>;8BAO  C  B>3>

AB>;10, C :>B>@>3> 18G520;8 >A?>40.  70B5<, >B4>E=C2 =5<=>3>  C

A51O 4><0, 2A5 >=8 A=>20 3>B>2K 4;O A;54CNI59 A;C61K." (AB@. 210).

     @>8AE>48B 2A5>1I55 ?>:;>=5=85 !2. 82>B2>@OI51-

@5BQ==>9. >B>< "5@54 @5AB>< AB028BAO  A845=85  4;O

5?8A:>?0, 8 >B VI G0A0 (12-00) 4> IX (15-00) =8GB> 4@C3>5 =5  A>-

25@H05BAO, :0: B>;L:> GB5=85 B5:AB>2 !2OI. 8A0=8O... =5B 2 MB>B

45=L =8:>3>, =8 AB0@>3>, =8 <>;>4>3>, :B> 1K =5 ?;0:0; 2  B5G5=85

 B8E B@QE G0A>2, ?> B5E AB@040=8OE, :>B>@K5 >A?>4L  ?@5-

B5@?5; 70 =0A." (AB@. 211).

     # =0A 2 &5@:28 MB>B >1@O4 ?@5B2>@8;AO 2 GB5=85 G5BK@QE 20=-

35;89 2> 2@52 (:>B>@K5 2 5;. OB>:  70<5=ONB  A>-

1>9 8BC@38N). 0?><=N, GB> 8BC@38O 2 5;. OB=8FC  =5  A;C68BAO

(81> %@8AB>A =0 @5AB5), :@><5 B>3> A;CG0O, :>340  A  =59  A>2?0-

405B ;03>25I5=85 (B>340 ?>;>65=0 8BC@38O . ;0B>CAB0). # :0B>-

;8:>2, =0>1>@>B, MB> 548=AB25==K9 45=L, :>340 A>25@H05BAO  8BC@-

38O @5645>A2OI5==KE 0@>2 A2. ?0?K @83>@8O 5;.  ?5@54 =59 A>-

25@H05BAO G8= ?>:;>=5=8O @5ABC (>?OBL 65 2>AE>4OI89 : IV 25:C).



     b5;8:0O !C11>B0 B0:65 1K;0 4=Q< AB@>3>3> ?>AB0 (?>GB8  =8G5-

3> =5 5;8), :>B>@K9 :>=G0;AO 2 ?>;=>GL.  MB>  2@525@H0;>AL

:@5I5=85 >3;0H5==KE.  >1 MB>< =0< 4> A8E ?>@ =0?><8=05B ?5=85 =0

8BC@388 5;. !C11>BK 2<5AB>  >1KG=>3>  "@8A2OB>3>  -  ";8FK  2>

%@8AB0 :@5AB8AB5AO..." (B.5. "A5 2K, 2> %@8AB0 :@5AB82H85AO,  2>

%@8AB0 >1;5:;8AL." 0;. III, 27).

     !8;L28O @0AA:07K205B: "... =5>D8BK, B>;L:> GB>  2>A?@8=O2H85

:@5I5=85 8 A@07C 65 >45BK5 ?>A;5 :C?5;8, 84CB 70 5?8A:>?><  ?@56-

45 2A53> 2 E@0< >A:@5A5=8O. ?8A:>? 2E>48B  2=CB@L  @5H5B:8  ?>4

?5=85 38<=0 8 B0< <>;8BAO > =8E. 0B5< >= 2>72@0I05BAO  2<5AB5  A

=8<8 2 3;02=CN F5@:>2L, 345 25AL =0@>4 1>4@AB2C5B, >6840O." (AB@.

212).

     0;;0489 5?. ;5=>?>;LA:89, >?8AK20O 0@5AB A2B. >0==0  ;0-

B>CAB0 2> 2@53> :@5I5=8O ?8H5B, GB> 2>8=K  "C65  @07-

452H8EAO 4;O :@5I5=8O 65=I8= 70AB02;O;8 1560BL =038<8 8 :@>2LN 8E

@0= >:@0A8;8 2>4C :@5I5=8O." "5< =5 <5=55, 2 BC 6CB:CN =>GL  1K;>

:@5I5=> 1>;55 3 000 G5;>25:! (0;;0489 " 073>2>@ > 687=8 ;0B>CA-

B0", 3;. 9).



                   4.` !%  !/"/ !&.



      =0G. IV 2. 1K; >:>=G0B5;L=> @5HQ= 2>?@>A >  2@5<5=8  ?@07-

4=>20=8O 0AE8. I A5;. !>1>@ ( 325 3.) ?>AB0=>28; ?@074=>20BL  5Q

2 ?5@2>5 2>A:@5A5=L5 ?>A;5  ?5@2>3>  25A5==53>  ?>;=>;C=8O  (B.5.

?>A;5 21 <0@B0). 1 MB>< 4=5 5653>4=> >1JO2;O;8  >A>1K<  >:@C6=K<

?>A;0=85< 8 8@A:89 M48:B 2 MB>B 45=L 4020;  0<=8AB8N  2A5<

?@5ABC?=8:0< =5-4CH53C10<.

     !0< @8BC0; 0AE8 1K; 5IQ 2> <=>3>< AE>6 A III 25:><: "> ?5-

=8O ?5BCE>2" (B.5. 4> 12-B8 =>G8) ?@>E>48;8:

          1. #B@5=O.

          2. 8BC@38O >3;0H5==KE.

          3. @5I5=85 >3;0H5==KE.

   12-00 4. 20=35;85 > >A:@5A5=88 %@8AB0.

          5. 0AE0;L=0O ?@>?>254L.

          6. 2E0@8AB8O A 030?>9 (:>B>@0O "@07@5H0;0" 5;. ?>AB).

(!<. "?>AB>;LA:85 ?>AB0=>2;5=8O", V, 12).



     b0AE0;L=0O A54<8F0 D0:B8G5A:8 C4;8=O;0 ?@074=8:  A  1  4>  7

4=59.  MB> 2@5AL 70AB02;OBL @01>B0BL 4065  @01>2.

0?@5B 84>A8O 5;8:>3> =0 F8@:>2K5 ?@54AB02;5=8O  8  ?@>G.

?C1;8G=K5 7@5;8I0, :0A0NI89AO 2>A:@5A=KE 4=59, 2  389 3. 1K;  @0A-

?@>AB@0=Q= =0 !B@0AB=CN 8 !25B;CN A54<8FK.

     23CAB8= ;065==K9 =07K20; MBC  A54<8FC  "=545;59  =5>D8B>2"

8;8 "=545;59 2 15;><" ("dominica in albis"), B.:. =5>D8BK =5 A=8-

<0;8 A2>8 15;K5 :@5I0;L=K5 >4564K 4> $><8=0 4=O. !8;L28O =5 =0E>-

48B 1>;LH8E @07;8G89 2 1>3>3A;C65=88 MB8E 4=59 =0  >AB>:5  8  =0

0?045: "A5 2>A5<0". > >B<5G05B 8=B5@5A=CN 5@CA0;8A>15==>ABL:

     " ?5@2K9 2>A:@5A=K9 45=L 2A5 A>18@0NBAO =0 8BC@38N 2 3;02-

=CN F5@:>2L, 2 0@B8@8C<. "0:65 8 2 ?>=545;L=8: 8 2> 2B>@=8:... 

A@54C 2A5 A>18@0NBAO =0 ;5>=5, 2 G5B25@3 - 2 E@0<5  >A:@5A5=8O,

2 ?OB=8FC - =0 !8>=5, 2 AC11>BC - C @5AB0." (AB@. 213).



                 5.`     #.



     b>7=5A5=85 2 IV 25:5 5IQ G0I5 8<5=CNB 40-:0 4=5285< ?>  0A-

E5, => 2 V 25:5 ?@074=8: C65 >1@5B05B A2>Q A>1AB25==>5 =0720=85 8

GB8BAO ?>2A5<5AB=> 2KE>4=K< 4=Q<. 0G0;> MB>;>68-

;> >A25I5=85 (2  330$-E33.) >A>1>9 1078;8:8, 70;>65==>9 5IQ  F0@8-

F59 ;5=>9 =0 0A;8G=>9 3>@5 (2?>A;54AB288 @07@CH5=0 A0@0F8=0<8).

!8;L28O ?8H5B > =Q<:

     ";O ?@074=>20=8O A>@>:04=528O ?>A;5 0AE8, ?@8E>4OI53>AO  2

G5B25@3, 2A5 =0:0=C=5 2 A@54C, 84CB 2 8D;55< 4;O A>25@H5=8O 145-

=8O. 45=85 A>25@H05BAO 2 B>9 F5@:28 8D;55<0, ?@8 :>B>@>9  =0E>-

48BAO ?5I5@0, 345 @>48;AO >A?>4L..." (AB@. 214).



     bOB845AOB=8F0 B.5. 50-9 45=L ?> 0AE5 B>65  1K;  2KE>4=K<  8

70:0=G820; A>1>9 ?5@8>4, :>340  =5  1K20;>  :>;5=>?@5:;>=5=89.  

A>1AB25==>< A 1K; ?@074=8: 2 G5ABL !2. CE0 8  ?>B>B 45=L B>65 :@5AB8;8.    A8E

?>@ 2<5AB> "@8A2OB>3> ?>Q< ";8FK 2> %@8AB0 :@5AB8B5AO..."

     > A2845B5;LAB2C !8;L288, ?@074=8:  MB>B  =0G8=0;AO  >1KG=>9

#B@5=59 2 E@0<5 >A:@5A5=8O. 0B5< 2 0@B8@8C<5  A>25@H0;0AL  8-

BC@38O, ?>A;5 :>B>@>9 2A5 H;8 =0 3>@C !8>=. "0<, 2 F5@:28,  AB>O-

I59 =0 <5AB5 A8>=A:>9 3>@=8FK, G8B0;AO >B@K2>: 87 5O=89 > A>H5A-

B288 !2. CE0 8 1K20;0 ?@>?>254L 5?8A:>?0.    70B5<  A>25@H0;0AL

?>74=OO 8BC@38O.



                    6. `+  .



      IV-V 25:0E =01;N405BAO =0AB>OI89 27@K2  ?@07=8:>2.    MB>

2@5O28;8AL:  >645AB2> %@8AB>2>, !@5B5=L5, @5AB>2>742865=85,

;03>25I5=85 8 #A?5=85 >3>@>48FK.



     b >645AB2> %@8AB>2> 2K45;8;>AL 87  ?@074=8:0  ?8D0=88  (6/19

O=2.), :>B>@K9 1K; ?@>AB> ?5@53@C65= @07;8G=K<8 AA?>-

<8=0=8O<8. >AB0B>G=> A:070BL, GB> 23CAB8= 2 A2>8E  H5AB8  "A;>-

20E" =0 MB>B 45=L 3>2>@8B B>;L:> > >:;>=5=88 >;E2>2 (8  4>  A8E

?>@ =0 0?045 >3>O2;5=85 - MB> "@074=8: "@QE &0@59"). ;O  >A-

B>:0 65 MB>, ?@5645 2A53>, ?@074=8:  >645AB20 %@8AB>20 (8  @ A8E ?>@ ?@074=C5B  >645AB2> 6/19 O=20@O). > 2 38?-

B5, 2 >A=>2=>< 2A?><8=0;8 @5I5=85 %@8AB>2>.

     >B MB0 @KE;>ABL AB@C:BC@K 8 =5 2K45@60;0 @0ABCI59  4>3<0B8-

G5A:>9 =03@C7:8 =0 :064K9 >B45;L=K9 0A?5:B ?@074=8:0.

     ?5@2K5 MB> @0AI5?;5=85 ?@>87>H;> 2  8<5, 345 ?@8 ?0?5  .;88

( 337-352)  =0G0;8  ?@074=>20BL   >645AB2>  %@8AB>2>   >B45;L=>  -

2545:./7 O=2. (?> A2845B5;LAB2C >0==0,  5?.  8:59A:>3>).!;54CN-

I89 ?0?0 815@89  ( 352-366) ?@8  ?>A2OI5=88  2  8=>G5AB2>  A5AB@K

<2@>A8O 548>;0=A:>3> - 0@F5;8=K - C65 C:07K20;  59  =0  7=0G8-

B5;L=>ABL A>2?045=8O MB>3> A>1KB8O A ?@074=8:><   >645AB20  (A2B.

<2@>A89 " 452AB25" III, 1).

     0 >AB>: ?@074=8:  >645AB20  ?@8HQ;  ?>4  2;8O=85<  0?040.

?5@2K5 >= AB0=>28BAO 8725AB=K< 2 0??04>:88 ?@8 A2B. 0A8;88 5-

;8:><, :>B>@>5 "!;>2> =0  >645AB2> %@8AB>2>".

G5284=>, >= 8 22Q; MB>B ?@074=8: 2  370$-533., 0 4@C3 53>  @83>-

@89 >3>A;>2 ?5@5A048; 53> 2 ;L (>B:C40 >= @0A?@>AB@0=8;AO  C65

2 :0G5AB25 AB>;8G=>3> =>2>22545=8O). =B5@5A=>, GB> A0<  @83>@89

>3>A;>2 5IQ >G5=L >AB>@>6=> 22>48B  =>2>5  B>@65AB2>:  "K=5  3>O2;5=85 8;8 ?@074=8:  >645AB20", - 3>2>@8B >=.

      =B8>E89A:>9 &5@:28 A2B. >0== ;0B>CAB =0 ?03>=0 (20 45:.  388 3.) 3>2>@8B, GB>  2  =0ABC?0NI55  25  45:01@O

2?5@2K5 1C45B 745AL >B<5G0BLAO  >645AB2> %@8AB>2>, =0 0?045  C65

402=> 8725AB=>5. 'B> 2 =B8>E8N A2545=8O >1 MB>< ?@>=8:;8  B>;L:>

;5B 10 =0704. 'B> A0< >= C65 402=> 65;0; 8 4065 2 B09=5  <>;8;AO,

GB>1K MB>B ?@074=8: AB0; A>25@H0BLAO 2 =B8>E88  (;0B>CAB  ">E-

20;L=. 15A." 4).

     >74=55 2A53> MB>B ?@074=8: 70@535AB@8@>20=  2  ;5:A0=4@88:

B>;L:> 2  432 3. - ?@8 A2B. 8@8;;5 ;5:A0=4@89A:><.

     >=OB=>, GB> A 2K45;5=85<  >645AB20 87 >3>O2;5=8O, 70  ?>A-

;54=8< >AB0;>AL B>;L:> 2>A?><8=0=85 > :@5I5=88.

     "0:>5 @0742>5=85 ?@074=8:>2  4;O  1>;55  ?>;=>9  8;;NAB@0F88

4>3<0B>2 - >G5=L E0@0:B5@=>5 O2;5=85 2 8AB>@88 &5@:28.  0?@8<5@,

2 X 25:5 C :0B>;8:>2  @0742>8;0AL  OB845AOB=8F0.  5@2>=0G0;L=K9

?@074=8: (VII 2>A:@5A5=L5 ?>A;5 0AE8) A>25@H05BAO B>;L:> 2  2>A-

?><8=0=85 A>H5AB28O !2. CE0 (A@. =0H CE>2 5=L), 0 2  A;54CNI55

VIII 2>A:@5A5=L5 A>25@H05BAO ?@074=8: @5A2OB>9 "@>8FK, 8;;NAB@8-

@CNI89 "@8=8B0@=K9 4>3<0B.



     b!@5B5=L5 >A?>4=5, 8459=> A2O70==>5 A  >645AB2><,  2K45;O5B-

AO 2 >A>1K9 ?@074=8: B>65 2 M?>EC IV-V 22., :>340 ?@>8AE>48B AB0-

=>2;5=85  >645AB2>=A:>3> F8:;0. @0240, ?>74=59H55 ?@540=85 (A;>-

682H55AO ?>4 2;8O=85< ;0=3>10@4A:>3> 8AB>@8:0 VIII 2. 02;0  80-

:>=0) ?@8C@0G8205B 53> CAB0=>2;5=85 : GC45A=>B GC, :0: 4>:07K205B .@89   C-

10= (A> AAK;:>9 =0 8:8D>@0 0;;8AB0), .AB8=80= ;8HL  ?@540;  C65

ACI5AB2CNI528; 53>  =>2CN

40BC: 2 D52@.(2<5AB> 15 D52@. !<.  C10= ..  "!@5B5=L5  >A?>4=5",

!1, 1994, AB@. 32-33).

     !0< 65 ?@074=8: 7=05B C65 !8;L28O 2 :>=F5 IV  2.,  =>  =07K-

205B 53> "40-< 4=Q< >B ?8D0=88" (@85 ?>  ?@>8AE>645=8N   >6-

45AB2> 2 5Q 2@5 8725AB=> 2 0;5AB8=5):

     "!>@>:>2>9 45=L >B ?8D0=88 ?@074=C5BAO 745AL A 1>;LH>9 B>@-

65AB25==>ABLN.  MB>B 45=L 1K205B ?@>F5AA8O 2 =0AB0A8A 8 2A5 A>-

18@0NBAO B0< =0 8BC@38N, :>B>@0O  A>25@H05BAO  ?>  >?@545;Q==>? ?@>?>254CNB,  B>;:CO  >

B>< <5AB5 20=35;8O, 345 2 A>@>:>2>9 45=L >A8D 8 0@8O  ?@8=5A;8

>A?>40 2 %@0<..." ("8AL<0 ?0;><=8FK...", AB@. 201).



     b@5AB>2>742865=85 - ?>O28;>AL 2 B>9 65 5@CA0;89  &5@:28

2A2O78 A ?@074=8:>< >1=>2;5=8O E@0<0 >A:@5A5=8O (B.5.  =@0AB0A8-

A0, B.:. A0<8 A>1KB8O B5A=> A2O70=K). -B>B E@0< 1K; ?>AB@>5= 8=AB0=B8=>< 5;8:8<, =04 ?5I5@>9 @>10, 1;87 :>B>@>9 >:.  320 3.D*

_________________________________________________________________

     H* 0B0 (320 3. ?@82>48BAO ?> E@>=>3@0DC  $5>D0=0,  B.:.  40B0

!>:@0B0 ((326 3.), A:>@55 2A53>, =5 B>G=0  (A>2?0405B  A  :>=G8=>9

A2. ;5=K).

A2. F0@8F0 ;5=0 >1@5;0 82>B2>@OI89 @5AB. "0:  >1  MB><  A2845-

B5;LAB2C5B !8;L28O:

     "@074=8:>< >1=>2;5=8O  (>A2OI5=8O)  =07K205BAO  B>B  45=L,

:>340 A2OB0O F5@:>2L =0 >;3>D5 1K;0 ?>A2OI5=0 >3C... -B>B  45=L

>A2OI5=8O ?@074=C5BAO A >A>1> B>@65AB25==>9 8BC@3859 5I5 8  ?>-

B> 2 MB>B 45=L 1K; >1@5B5= @5AB >A?>45=L... ?>G5

CAB0=>2;5=> GB>1K 45=L ?5@2>3> ?>A2OI5=8O 2KH5C?>2?040; A> 4=5< >1@5B5=8O  @5AB0  >A?>4=O..." ("8AL<0",  AB@.

220-221).

     ".>. MB> >?OBL 65 1K; <5AB=>GB8B>@K9 C65 2?>A;54AB288 AB0; 8725AB5= &5@:20<, ?>;CG82H8<  G0ABL

82>B2>@OI53> @520. 0B5<, 3;02=0O G0ABL  !2.  @5AB0  4>AB0;0AL

%>7@0N 5@A84A:>72@0I5=0 ;8HL ?@8 8 2 G5ABL MB>3> 2>72@0I5=8O 8 2>7=8: >1I5-E@8AB80=A:89  ?@074=8:

14/27 A5=BO1@O.



     b>3>@>48G=K5 ?@074=8:8.

      0728B85 E@8AB>;>388 >1CA;>28;> 8=B5@5A : ?>4@>1=>ABO<  75<-

=>3> ?@>8AE>645=8O !?0A8B5;O  8  3>  0B5@8.  >:070B5;L=>,  GB>

-D5AA:89 !>1>@  431 3. ?@>E>48; 2 F5@:28 >3><0B5@8. IQ  >=AB0=-

B8= 5;8:89 ?>AB@>8; 2 G5ABL 5Q 3 E@0<0 2 ;5. > 3;02=K9  ;0-

E5@=A:89 E@0< 2>74283;0 AC?@C30 868;0  E@0<  4838B@88.  AQ  MB>  =5<8=C5<>

4>;6=> 1K;> ?@825AB8 : @0728B8N >3>@>48G=>3> F8:;0 ?@074=8:>2.

     -B>B F8:; >@30=8G5A:8 2K45;8;8AO 87  >645AB25=A:>3>. "0:  70

9 <5AOF52 4>  >645AB20 (25 45:.) AB0;8  ?@074=>20BL  ;03>25I5=85

(25 <0@B0). 5@2K5 "!;>20 =0 ;03>25I5=85" ?@8=04;560B A2B. @>:-

;C ?0B@80@EC ;LA:>;>3C 5?.  025==A:>-

. MB>B ?@074=8: 2>7=8: 2 ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 V  25-

:0.

       500 3>4C >B=>AOBAO ?5@2K5 A2545=8O > ?@074=>20=88  #A?5=8O

>6859 0B5@8 2 ?0;5AB8=A:8E <>=0ABK@OE (@5GL $5>4>@0 : ?@?. $5>-

4>A8N). ".>. MB>B ?@074=8: 70@>48;AO 2 :>=F5 V 25:0, 0  2A58 8340 &5@:>2L AB0=>28BAO 3>AC40@AB25==>9, 2@5<5=0 3>=5=89  8

B>42830NBAO 2 >1;0ABL 35@>8G5A:>3> ?@>H;>3> 8 A>>B-

25BAB25==> 2>7=8:05B :C;LB A>1AB25==KE 2. !>18@0NBAO >D8-

F80;L=K5 ?@>B>:>;K 4>?@>A>2 8 ;535=40@=K5 A2545=8O. # :064>9 <5A-

B=>9 &5@:28 >1@07C5BAO A2>9 >D8F80;L=K9 A?8A>: >A>1> GB82.

     5@2K9 B0:>9 <5AOF5A;>2 >D>@<8;AO 2  89 &5@:28 2  352  3.

-B> - B.=. "<5AOF5A;>2 $8;>:0;0. = ?@54AB02;O5B  A>1>9  O7KG5A:89

:0;5=40@L =0  352 3>4 A 2:;NG5=85< 4=59 ?@074=8:>2  (2  B><  G8A;5

 >645AB2> %@8AB>20 - 25 45:.) 8 4=59 ?02.

A53> 745AL 22 8<5=8: 0?>AB>;K QB@ 8 025; (?0<. 29  8N=O),  A2.

?0?K  8=B80=,  A2B.  8?@80=  5?.

0@D035=A:89, 65 87 4>G5@=59  0@D0-

35=A:>9 &5@:28) 8 4@.

     7 2>AB>G=KE  <5AOF5A;>2>2  4@52=59H8<  AG8B05BAO  !8@89A:89

(8B@89A:>3> ?@>8AE>645=8O) 87 @C:>?8A8  411 3., A>AB02;5==K9, 25-

@>OB=>, 2  390$-533. 45AL 5IQ =5B  >645AB20 %@8AB>20, 0  C?>;L:> ?@074=8: >3>O2;5=8O. 7 0?>AB>;>2  -  QB@  8  025;  (28

45:.), => B0:65 >0== 8 0:>2. 45AL 2A53> 1 ?0?0  8 2

;5:A0=4@89A:8E ?0?K, 2 0;5AB8=A:8E 8 2 ;5:A0=4@89A:8E  5?8A:>-

?0, ?5@2><8489A:8E AB@0402H85  2

3>=5=85 8>:;5B80=0, 24 =B8>E89A:8E  C65 >1I5F5@:>2=K9 <5AOF5A;>2.

     0 B.:. 8<5=0 <=>38E AB020;8AL =58725AB=K<8, B> 2 BC 65

M?>EC &5@:>2L 22>48B 5=L 2A5E A2OBKE.  !8@A:>< <5AOF5A;>25  MB>

?OB=8F0 ?>A;5 0AE8, ?> ;0B>CABC - I  2>A:@5A5=L5  ?>A;5  50-FK.

>>1I5 =0 >AB>:5 MB>B 45=L ?@8C@0G8205BAO : ?>4286=>4286=>O1@O).

     C;LB 2 8 >A>15==> 8E <>I59 ?@82820;AO =5 157  B@C40

8 2K7K20; >AB@CN ?>;5<8:C.  "0:  0;;LA:89  ?@5A28B5@  838;O=F89

AG8B0; ?>G8B0=85 <>I59 O7KG5A:8< 8 >AK?0; 53> 54:8<8  =0A<5H:0<8:

">4  ?@54;>3><  1;03>G5AB8O  22>48BAO  2    &5@:20E    ?>G8B0=85

B@CE8...". ;065==K9 5@>=8< =0?8A0; ?@>B82 =53> F5;CN :=83C.

     > >?8A0=8N @C45=F8O, ?>A5B82H53>  8< 2  405 3.25AL  3>@>4

1K; 2 42865=88 ?> A;CG0N ?@074=8:0 0??. 5B@0 8 02;0. -B>B ?@07-

4=8: 2 V 25:5 8<5; 2  8<5 8-<8 4=52=>5  (!)  ?>?@074=5AB2>  (?0?0

52 5;8:89, "!;>2> 84").  MB8 4=8 A>25@H0;8AL B.=. ";8B0=88 B.5.

B>@65AB25==K5 ?@>F5AA88 8;8 :@5AB=K5 E>4K 87 >4=>3> E@0<0 2  4@C-

3>9 8;8 : <>38;5 64Q==K5 2 0?. &5@:28 2 IV 25:5 1K;8  70820-

=K >AB>:><. 0A8;89 5;8:89 3>2>@8B > =8E, :0: > ?>;57=>< =>2>2-

2545=88, :>B>@>3> =5 1K;> 5IQ ?@8  @83>@88  'C4>B2>@F5.  8B0=88

A>25@H0;8AL =5 B>;L:> ?@8 ?>:;>=5=88 <>I0<, =>  ?@8  >1I5AB25==KE

154AB28OE: "> A;CG0N A8;L=KE 4>6459 1K;8  ;8B0=88  8  <>;51=K  8

25AL =0H 3>@>4, :0: ?>B>: CAB@5<8;AO 2 0?>AB>;LA:85 <5AB0", - ?8-

H5B A2B. >0== ;0B>CAB. >AB5?5==> ;8B0=88 >1@5;8 D>@-

;8B25==KE ?@>H5=88 8 E20;51=KE 1;03>40@5=89 : :0:>  A2OB>-

;LG5A:>9 &5@:28 B0:85 ;8B0=88 A>E@0=8;8AL  4>  A8E  ?>@

(=0?@8<5@, >G5=L ?>?C;O@=0O ;8B0=8O @5A2OB>9 525  0@88).    2

@02>A;02=>9 &5@:28 ;8B0=8O ?>AB5?5==> 1K;0 01A>@18@>20=0  ;8B859

8 0:0D8AB><.

<W<W

A*.FRML¤I»KA"D¤¤B,K$·%$W.PQ   C:\MDE\ALIMOV\MLA.WD A*.FRM|1 +Uu)6INJ!w)@